INNOVATIONS in pharmacy

Implementation of an Interprofessional Diabetes Management Clinic in the Rural Primary Care Setting

Emma Williams

Mountain Area Health Education Center

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7224-6892

Haley Simkins

Mountain Area Health Education Center

Anna Hale

Mountain Area Health Education Center

Luis Trejo

Atrium Health

Anne C. Carrington Warren

Mountain Area Health Education Center

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3092-631X

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24926/iip.v15i2.5773

Keywords: Diabetes management, Rural, Primary Care, Interprofessional

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Abstract

Background: Access to a primary care provider is not guaranteed for many living in rural settings. Notably, rural populations experience a higher degree of burden from chronic diseases compared to urban-dwellers. For example, diabetes can go undiagnosed and undertreated with lack of primary care. To address these care gaps at a large, rural family medicine practice in western North Carolina, a multidisciplinary pharmacist-led diabetes clinic was developed.

Objectives: This article describes the implementation, evolution, and impact of the diabetes management clinic and explores future directions for improving the experience of patients and health care providers.

Practice Description and Innovation: The diabetes management clinic at Mountain Area Health Education Center (MAHEC) is a pharmacy resident-led interdisciplinary clinic incorporating nutrition and pharmacy learners to provide patient care in both telehealth and in-office settings. Since its inception in 2018, the clinic has facilitated meaningful learning opportunities for students and residents and helped patients manage their diabetes in a multifaceted approach.

Evaluation Methods: A retrospective, cross-sectional study evaluated diabetes-related outcomes for 80 patients seen in the diabetes management clinic during twelve months of appointments. The primary outcome measure was change in A1c from baseline.

Results: Among patients with a follow-up A1c during the study (n=64), there was a mean reduction in A1c by 0.79% from baseline. Additionally, among those with a second follow-up A1c available (n=32), there was a mean reduction from baseline in A1c of 1.42%.

Conclusion: The utilization of pharmacy residents as part of an interdisciplinary diabetes management clinic can extend access to care for underserved patients. The clinic also serves as a structured teaching clinic for interdisciplinary learners, and it has contributed to positive clinical outcomes, strong interprofessional collaboration, and expansion of experiential education opportunities since its inception in 2018.