The Effects of Colostrum Quality on Health and Development of Dairy Calves
Madeline Kinsella
SUNY Geneseo
Abstract
Understanding dairy calf growth and development is essential to ensuring a consistent supply of high-quality products to consumers throughout the nation. The antibody-rich milk—termed colostrum—administered to calves within their first 24 hours of life has become a key factor in increased calf health from birth through long-term development. This research analyzed the relationship between colostrum quality and passive immunity transfer proteins found in blood samples taken from calves between 48-72 hours after birth. Brix refractometry was utilized to measure protein content in these blood samples which were recorded as Brix scores. Another aspect of the project investigated new innovations for colostrum administration aimed at decreasing bacteria counts for higher-quality feeding to provide new data to farmers regarding more advantageous colostrum procedures. Blood samples were taken from 258 calves born over a seven-month period to find Brix scores, which were then compared with lab-tested total protein content and immunoglobulin levels from these blood samples, as well as recorded health events. Results expressed a significant positive correlation between Brix scores and lab-tested total protein content and immunoglobulin levels, as well as a significant correlation of higher Brix scores resulting in lower frequency of pneumonia contracted after 90 days of age. A newer colostrum procedure of administration through use of a single-use O-shaped bag resulted in a higher average Brix score than traditional methods of a reusable pitcher, suggesting that this innovation increases colostrum quality by decreasing the chances for bacteria replication. These results help provide dairy and beef farmers with essential information on the importance of good colostrum management and recommendations for procedures to improve their existing programs.
